Cable Cutters

I shouldn’t write posts about how quickly the end of the season is approaching, or it might actually arrive even faster. In a surprise turn of events, we are done with sound recording (and most likely fembot experiments) on Monument Lek as of today. We conducted a third experimental trial at Monument this morning. My routine was a little off- the birds all flushed before 6, before I’d even turned on my sound recording gear. They started coming back about 45 minutes later, and at that point I was rushing to get my recording projects set up and get my video camera focused on one of the returning females.

At this point I noticed one of the channels had a lot of static, but it was a little ways into the recording session that I realized 4 of the channels were not showing any response to the gusts of wind coming through. Further investigation revealed that there was no apparent input based on equalizers on the digitizing pre-amp. After the problem persisted when I shut everything down and started it back up, it left a few possibilities: 1) the phantom power wasn’t working (I eliminated this hypothesis by plugging cables from working channels into channels that weren’t working, and visa versa); 2) the mics were not plugged in properly, or 3) there was a problem with the cables themselves. I continued recording during the experiment on our remaining nine or ten channels, and it wasn’t until I could pack up the recording gear and get into the tub with the extra spools of cable that I could confirm theory #3. Something had chewed through several of the cables, sometimes multiple loops of the same cable!

This would have been a real pain to fix, and we might not have had time to get back to Monument anyway, so it seemed like a good idea to pull the Monument cables this afternoon, before our anonymous cable muncher could destroy any more.  Luckily pulling cables is usually a lot quicker than digging the trenches to put them in, so we were able to wipe down and coil all the cables, all the while flagging any spots where we would need to repair cables. Julia found another rattlesnake near the lek- this one put on a really good show for our cameras. I’m sure it is just coincidence that we found two rattlers so close to the lek, but it does make me feel a little bit glad that most years it is too cold for them to come out before we pack up and leave for California.

One week to go

Once again, the field season has flown by at lightning speed. I’m still wrapping my brain around the fact the crew is leaving us in a week- it seems like just a few days ago I was driving into town to meet them and lead them up to camp. Yet here we are, with just a few days to get as much data as possible, proof all the data, and do as much take-down of the equipment as possible. Gail, Anna, and I will be here for another week or so, but there are some big tasks, like pulling up the thousands of meters of microphone cables we have out there, that are much easier to tackle with a larger group.

We are trying to wrap up our robot experiments, but it has been somewhat frustrating going over the past couple of days. For two consecutive days, we had golden eagles flush the birds on the lek before we could run an experiment. Seeing an eagle is always a treat, especially seeing one power low over the lek and wheel after fleeing grouse, but at this point in the season, I think a more welcome sight would be Gail lifting the edge of the blind up to readmit the fembot after a successful trial.  We’ve completed second experiments at Chugwater, Monument, and half of Cottontail, but the last section of Cottontail has eluded us at least 3 times now, and we would love to have a third repetition on all the leks to help us better capture the variation in response among individuals, treatments (interested versus disinterested behavior), leks, and time in the season.

Small prairie rattlesnake near Monument Lek

The statewide manager of sage-grouse programs, Tom Christiansen, came out with us yesterday. He enjoyed actually getting to see a lek up close (Wyoming Game and Fish biologists are generally looking from a distance, and only staying at each lek long enough to obtain an accurate count). While the dramatic eagle attack precluded him seeing the robot interacting with real birds, Gail was able to do a small demo before we packed up our gear. He also got to see our first rattlesnake of the year- a prairie rattler that Anna and Julia saw crossing the road.

Tom, Anna, and Julia enjoying a beautiful rattlesnake

 

Midnight Ornithology

Working with sage-grouse means having an extremely unpleasant work schedule sometimes. Watching them on the lek entails getting in a blind before dawn. Catching them often means working at night, driving around looking for them using spotlights, and catching them with hand nets. Very few sage-grouse research efforts have combined intensive morning observations on the leks with simultaneous spotlighting at night. We would like to become one of these, but thusfar have weighted our efforts much more heavily towards getting behavioral data while relying on the pattern of the undertail coverts (i.e. “ buttprints”) to distinguish males.

Sunday morning was our first try at spotlighting this year. We got up at around 12:15 AM, and headed out towards Chugwater at about 1. We looked for birds until about 4AM. We managed to catch and band a male and a female- definitely putting us above average for productivity compared with our spotlighting attempts in previous seasons. We managed to get back to camp by about 4:30, had 20 minutes to gather our gear for the lek and eat a quick bowl of cereal, then headed back to Cottontail to run an experiment. We all got a good nap in once we got back, then headed down to Sue’s (the biologist at the local Bureau of Land Management office who helps us coordinate our research) for dinner. Sue sets a great table, and we enjoyed hanging out with Stan (Wyo Game and Fish biologist) and Tim (another BLM biologist). All in all a long but fun day!
The photo above is a time lapse I shot during our spotlighting effort.

Video of an experiment

We’ve started Round 2 of our experiments, measuring how responsive males are to differences in the behavior of the robot female. We want to see if we can explain some of the variation we see in how hard males are working on the lek, and one of the things we would like to know is the importance of female interest- if a female is disinterested, should a male work harder to try to win her over, or cut his losses and save his energy for the next potential mate? Does it matter what his expectation is for another female visit, and how successful he is?

Below you can see a clip of the disinterested behavior- the robot is simulating pecking at the ground. Real females frequently do this on the lek as well. This clip is from Cottontail, but we finished our second treatment on Monument Lek this morning. Chugwater will require one more experiment, and Cottontail will probably require two or three.

I love this video, not only for showing off the great job Gail has done getting the robot to look realistic, but also for the funny chasing behavior occuring in the foreground. A non-territorial male ambles from left to right, and just as he reaches the right edge of the screen, he must spot an angry territory holder. He walks quickly back to the left, and just as he leaves the screen, a fully inflated male comes sprinting across.

Meeting Joe

One downside of an extended field season is missing many of the great visiting speakers that come through UC Davis. This week, the animal behavior graduate group welcomes Bernd Heinrich, a brilliant scientist and prolific author. I’ve read a couple of Bernd’s books on ravens, including Raven in Winter and Mind of the Raven, and was sad to have missed hearing more about his life and research.

However, this week I did get to meet another biologist that I have admired for a long time- Joe Hutto. Joe conducted an imprinting study of wild turkeys that I read early in my graduate career. I mentioned the book and movie adaptation in an earlier post. I recently learned that he lives in Lander, and was excited to meet up with him this spring.

As part of their month-long series of films for Earth Day, the Lander Public Library showed “My Life as a Turkey” on Thursday. After the showing, Joe got up and talked a little about the production of the film, and answered questions from the audience. I got to speak with him a little bit before and after the presentation. Joe was just as warm and thoughtful in person as he comes across in the books and movies. What a treat to finally get to meet him! We didn’t get to talk turkey very much, but I’ll be heading over to his place on Monday for a visit.

I also talked to a few people there about our sage-grouse work. The organizers of the film series were interested in having “What Females Want” (the PBS Nature show featuring our research) for next April.